Test on registration card: "30 års jubileum for Middelskolen for gutter, Taohwalun, 1937. Sittende foran i hvit dress: m.prest Einar E. Smebye, nr.2 til venstre for ham: dr. Peng-Fuh. Stående til v. i hvit dress: m.prest Anders M. Tangeraas. 3. r. midt på bildet: Lise Flatla. Stående i bakgr.: elever fra Middelskolen for piker, Taohwalun." Translation of Chinese text: "The large gathering at Hunan independent [or: private] Lutheran middle school at the celebration of its 30 year anniversary, May of the 26th year [of the Republic of China, founded in 1911, i.e. 1937]". ID number and description [edited] in the photo project related to the 100 year anniversary of the China mission of the Norwegian Missionary Society in 2002: 678 - 30th Anniversary for Boys' Middle School, Taohwalun 1937. Sitting in front in white suit: Rev. Einar E. Smebye. Nr. 2 from his left: Dr. Peng-Fuh. Standing to the left in white suit: Rev. Anders M. Tangeraas. 3rd row middle of picture: Lise Flatla. Standing in the back: students from the Girls' Middle School.

Lutheran Theological Seminary and Lutheran Publishing House, China Possibly photographed by Nicolai Kiær and/or Olav Aarflot, NMS missionaries to Hunan. Some scenes at related minutes and seconds: 0:41, 1:46: Erik Sovik, LTS president, Norwegian-American Lutheran Missionary. 0:47, 1:23: Einar Emanuel Smebye (1888-1941), serving in China 1915-1938. 4:57: Henrik Vika / 文佳 (1897-1982), serving in China 1925-1951. 5:50: Ingvald Daehlin (1873-1960), Norewgian-American Lutheran missionary. For a brief biography, see https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/40167614/ingvald-daehlin (visited 2021-01-08) 7:38: Book cover: Hjalmar Holmquist, "Martin Luther" [subtitle: Minnesskrift til reformationsjubileet 1917], published by Sveriges kristliga studentrörelse, 1916. 9:26 "Hsin I Pao (The Lutheran Weekly)" 9:44: Lutheran Book Concern [Hankou, Hubei]

Unedited film. Selected scenes at related minutes and seconds: 1:52: Street sign. "Wu Pak Street 街 北 湖 [i.e. Hubei street 湖北街]" 4:38: Information sign, with text in English and Chinese. The English text: "To Kowloon -- No entry without permit -- Up traffic permitted time -- Apply O.I.C. Traffic Office" 4:45: Billboard, "佈告 [bugao], Government notice" 4:55: Storefront with text in Chinese and English: "欽昌行 [Qin Chang Hang] -- Kerosene oil -- highly dangerous - no smoking [...]".

Unedited film, most likely photographed by Olav Aarflot (1902-1971) and Nicolai Kiær (1888-1934), both NMS missionaries to Hunan. Olav Aarflot and his family returned to Norway in 1930. Biography about Nicolai Kiær: https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolai_Ki%C3%A6r, visited 2021-01-11. Selected scenes at related minutes and seconds: 2:56: Most likely Yiyang bridge across Zishui river in Hunan, seen towards northwest from Taohualun. 3:07: The national flag of Norway, at full mast, most likely at the celebration of the constitution day of Norway 17 May 1930. The location is at a mission station of the Norwegian Missionary Society (NMS) in Hunan, perhaps Taohualun, Yiyang or Changsha. 3:43: Andreas Aarflot, born in Hunan 1 July 1928. 4:49: Nicolai Kiær, waiwing his hand towards the photographer.

Subtitles in Danish. Selected scenes at related minutes and seconds: 0:08: 3' Del [part three] 0:35: Wall painting, showing the five great rulers of the Qing dynasty. 1:54: Intertitle: "Børnene er Fremtiden! I Missionens Børnehjem i Antung tager man sig af de minste - " 2:55: Intertitle: "- og følger dem gennem Skoleaarene helt op til Gymnasiet." 5:35: Intertitle: "Ogsaa i Kina øves der Lægegerning fra Missionens tre Hospitaler Siyuen, Suihuafu og - Antung." 6:46: Intertitle: "Gennem alt Missionens Arbejde sigtes der paa at skabe en kristen Menighed." 7:33: Intertitle: "Som du nu har hørt og set, prøver vi efter bedste Evne at gaa ud i Alverden - følge Herrens Missionsbefaling og drage saa mange ind i Arbejdet som muligt." 8:04: A car of the Opel brand. 8:51: Possibly a Douglas DC 3 Dakota aircraft, a model produced from 1936-1942 and in 1950. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-3, visited 2021-01-12. 8:54: "Ansgar", a DC 3 aircraft, operated by Nordiskt Missionsflyg (NMF) - Scandinavia Missionary Flights, registered in Sweden. Released in Norway by Norwegian Missionary Society (NMS). Presentation in their catalogue: "Fra et kinesisk hjem med servering av te og middag. Barnehjem i Antung. Barn, pleiere og foreldre. Oppstilling og sanglek. Følger barn fra barneskole til gymnas. Lærere. Dans eller gymnastikk. Ungdommer som har gymnastikk i skoleuniform. Sykehus. Syketransport med hest og vogn. Sykebåre. Undersøkelse, sykestue og legevisitt. Kirke og kristen menighet. Avreise eller anskomst for misjonærer. Misjonsflyet. Ansgar tar av. Globus som viser Østen. Steder: Antung, Sivyen, Suihuafu."

Norwegian Missionary Society (NMS) missionaries Nicolai Kiær (1888-1934) and Olav Aarflot (1902-1971) had a 16 mm film camera with which they experimented in the early 1930s. Olav Aarflot served in Hunan 1926-1930, and Nicolai Kiær 1912-1934. 3:05: Adolf Olav Rosenius Sandstad (1891-1965), serving in Hunan 1919-1932. 6:48: Possibly the Yangtze flood in 1931, in Nanjing or Shanghai? 11:14: Climbing the mountain towards Kuling, a recreational area for the missionaries. 12:43: Banner with inscription "Xin yi zhong xue", [Hunan Yiyang?] Lutheran middle school 13:53: Nicolai Kiær

Traditional dancing; worship service in a rural Lutheran church; activities at a school, possibly in Kwa-Zulu, Natal, South Africa. Scenes from South East China. Related minutes and seconds: 8:29: Sign with "Watermark, 24th Hankow 9,5 F; 24th Kiukiang 11,0 F; 24th Anking 10,1 F"

Some scenes in the film, at the related minute and seconds: 0:43: M/S Talleyrand, merchant ship of Wilh. Wilhelmsen shipping company, Tønsberg, Norway. See https://www.sjohistorie.no/en/skip/28791/ 1:28-1:53: Nicolai Kiær, showing map of south east China (Shanghai, etc.) 3:19: Nicolai Kiær 4:50: "USS Peary (DD-226) was a Clemson-class destroyer of the United States Navy. She was commissioned in 1920 and sunk by Japanese aircraft at Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia, on 19 February 1942." Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Peary_(DD-226), visited 2021-01-07.

Tat-Sou - fils du ciel Montage et Texte de Pascal Dercourt Ce film, réalisé avec des documents pris sur le vif, nous montre la misérable condition humaine des Coolies Chinois Released in Norway by NMS lysbilde- og filmsentral, i.e. the Slide- and Film division of the Norwegian Missionary Society, Stavanger. Title in Norwegian by NMS: Liang Fo Senn - en himmelens sønn

Ur Svensk Filmindustris skolfilmarkiv Intertitles in Swedish. Possibly produced by Universum-Film Aktiengesellschaft (UFA) on behalf of the Educational Film Archive of Swedish Film Industry. Released in Norway by NMS lysbilde- og filmsentral, i.e. the Slide- and Film division of the Norwegian Missionary Society, Stavanger. Presentation in Norwegian by NMS: "Forteller om Yang-tse-floden. 5200 km lang. Byliv og bebyggelse med hus på peler pga. skiftende vannstand. Fine templer med drakebilled og figurer. Livlig sjøfart med gamle seilskuter og dampbåter. Hjulbåter som blir drevet frem med stort mannskap. Relativt store båter hvor fermdriften er mange roere, eller båter som blir dratt frem langs stranden. Husbåter hvor det er meget trangt om plassen. Et flott festopplegg på selve floden." About the river Chang Jiang (長江): https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang_Jiang

Title in Norwegian: "Gløtt fra kinesisk folkeliv" Possibly the same film as "People of Western China" (1940). See British Film Institute collection, https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b6c2f2e48 Available on YouTube: https://youtu.be/zNXXgc47a-A This version has the intertitle showing the origin of the film: "People of Western China An instructional sound film Produced by Erpi Classroom Films Inc. In collaboration with O. J. Caldwell Formerly of University of Nanking Copyright MCMXL [1940] by Erpi Classroom Films Inc." Intertitle at the end: "Encyclopædia Britannica Films Inc. Bring the world to the classroom" Source of the YouTube version: https://china-underground.com/2016/03/17/people-western-china-1940/. This source says that the film is a documentary about Chengdu village in Sichuan province. Released in Norway by NMS Filmsentral, the film division of the Norwegian Missionary Society, Stavanger. Description in Norwegian in their catalogue: "Geografisk kart over området. Pløying og jordbruk. Mølle med vann som drivkraft. Marked med alle sorter grønnsaker. Bambus og tømmer. Produksjon av ulike bruksgjenstander, håndlagede. Elv og hengebro og bærestol. Dreieskive for leire. Blåse porselen. Spinneri og veving med ferdige stoffer. Bomullplantasje. Kraftstasjon. Familie ved spisebordet. Undervisning. Buss og vei. Læge, undersøkelse, legeurter og røntgen. Fly. Gårdbruker og landskap." The first hydroelectric power plan in China was built in Yunnan province in 1912. Aircraft from China National Aviation Corporation (CNAC), which operated between 1929-ca. 1950. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_National_Aviation_Corporation, visited 2021-01-05. Model DC-2 was produced 1934-1939. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-2

"China - reconstruction Into all the world - CMS [Church Missionary Society] Compiled from material provided by Hong Kong Diocesan Association and the Church Missionary Society. Diagrams by Diagram Films Ltd. Produced by the Church Missionary Society." The British Film Institute dates the film to 1946. See http://www.bfi-staging.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b7004a37d Released in Norway by NMS Filmsentral, the film division of the Norwegian Missionary Society, Stavanger. Description in Norwegian in their catalogue: "Begynner med krig og ødeleggelser. Flyktninger med jernbane til sikkerhet. Matutdeling. Babyer i kurver. Opplysning om at 40 % av barn under tre år dør. Spesial ambulanse til sykehus. Japansk invasjon. Barn i skole, lek og vask, arbeid og andre ferdigheter. Kinas nye tid. Skole og undervisning, utvikling og misjon. Forteller om misjon fra England til Kina."

Intertitles in Swedish. Possibly produced by Universum-Film Aktiengesellschaft (UFA) on behalf of the Educational Film Archive of Swedish Film Industry. Released in Norway by NMS lysbilde- og filmsentral, i.e. the Slide- and Film division of the Norwegian Missionary Society, Stavanger. Presentation in Norwegian by NMS: "Hakke opp jorden i rismarken. Trå et hjul for vanningsanlegg. Plantene vannes enkeltvis med skåler. Gamle redskaper til bruk i kornhøst. Tresking. Landsbyhus og vask i elven. Forberedelse til måltid ute. Hjem fra marken. Rismåltid. Valmuer gor utvinning av opium. Den kinesiske mur og soldater langs muren. Soldater på marsj. Skyting. Kavaleri."

Narrative in English. The work in China by Wesleyan Mission and London Missionary Society are in focus. The film includes the story of the first missionary sent by the Methodist Church in Britain to China, George Piercy (1829-1913) from Pickering, Yorkshire, England. A brief biography is available at https://www.beckislemuseum.org.uk/the-father-of-the-chinese-methodist-church/, visited 2021-01-04 John Glasgow Kerr (1824-1901), an American medical missionary and philanthropist, is also mentioned. A biography is available at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Glasgow_Kerr (visited 2021-01-04).

Released in Norway by NMS Filmsentral, the film division of the Norwegian Missionary Society, Stavanger. Intertitles in Norwegian. Description in Norwegian in their catalogue: "Kinas religiøse liv med forskjellige religioner og tilbedelsesformer. Krigsgudens tempel og folk samles. Misjonæren midt i folkestimmelen. Oppstilling av lys for tilbedelse av kjøkkengud på husalteret. Dørgudene på porten, og alter for skytsguden. Også syke tilber. Muhammedansk gudstjeneste. Vask av ansikt, hender og føtter. Prest leser fra Koranen. Lamaismen. Innøvelse av ritual. Religiøs dans. Munk som ber rituell bønn. Bønneformer som Bønneflagg og Bønnetrommel. Buddha og buddhisme. Til slutt et norsk bønnevers."

Textual introduction: "Det Norske Misjonsselskap viser: På streiftog gjennom Midtens Rike Reisefilm av Dr. Edwin Orr". English translation of title: Roaming in the Middle Kingdom. Intertitles in Norwegian: "-Underlige fartøyer møter oss oppunder kysten. -Hongkong, hvor Øst og Vest møtes. -Travle gater og utenlandske forretningsbygg på Hongkong-øya. -England vokter sin koloni med troppestyrker og krigsskip. -Tusener av mennesker lever av og på småbåtene sine. -Skal vi se det egentlige China, må vi inn i det indre. -Et flagg over bilen var en tid vern mot japanske fly. -På brune og skrøpelige veier innover China. -Chinas ungdom på vei til fronten. -Chinas ledere -ekteparet CHIANG KAI SHEK -Fra en større by. -Barna leker tross fattigdom og nød. -Gamlemor med matbutikken sin. -Chinas framtid. -Blant misjonærer. -Folkemassen, ofte mistenksom og truende, imellom vennlig og spøkende. -Slutt på 1ste del." The film contains mirrored parts. About James Edwin Orr (1912-1987): https://jedwinorr.com/about-j-edwin-orr/ "In 1938 Orr formed the Revival Fellowship Team of young preachers such as Stanley Donnan, Brinley Evans, and Andrew Gih and led them in a series of mass evangelistic campaigns in Ulster and Australia. Then he and Gih made an evangelistic tour of the portions of China not occupied by the Japanese. They also made a film of the tour. Most of 1939 was spent raising funds for war relief for Chinese orphans. He continued to write, publishing Telling Australia and Through Blood and Fire in China, both in 1939." Source: https://jedwinorr.com/about-j-edwin-orr/, accessed 16 December 2020. Collection 355 Papers of J. Edwin Orr, CN 355. Billy Graham Center Archives. https://archives.wheaton.edu/repositories/4/resources/1173 Accessed December 16, 2020. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Edwin_Orr https://jedwinorr.com/photo-gallery/ https://www.google.no/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fjedwinorr.com%2Fphoto-gallery%2F&psig=AOvVaw3_-Tp4NhbrIrnLlHdBdrga&ust=1608214456764000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCJDSxO3X0u0CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

Tekst i prosjektet "Photographs back to South Africa": The first ordination of a Zulu pastor, Simon Ndhlela, at Empangeni in 1893. - Sitting from left: P. G. Nilsen, O. Stavem, Simon Ndhlela, G. Gundersen, O. Stenberg. Standing from left: M. Titlestad, A. Rodseth, L. Berge, N. Braatvedt, M. Borgen, O. Norgaard, Edw. Ingebrigtsen.

"En Compradore. (Mægler)". ("A Compradore. (broker).") [A native manager of European business houses in East and South East Asia.] From a series called "China and Chinese". Hand-coloured studio portrait of a Chinese man standing next to a table with various equipment, an urn at the floor and plants or trees in pots on both sides. Chinese inscription on the wall. Traditional Chinese characters: 語總詩情 Simplified Chinese characters: 语总诗情 English translation: the singing (of birds) give forth poetic beauty. This must be a part of a famous couplet 水色山光皆画本，花香鸟语总诗情, which means: The landscape of rivers and mountains are always the spirit of painting, while the singing of birds and fragrance of flowers give forth poetic beauty. The "Trade mark", a snake on a tree, is that of York & Son, a lantern slide producer in England, c. 1870-1907.

På registerkortet: "Ma-b nr. 2839 Comité Mixte, Antsirabe 29/4-1/5 1912. (den første) Prester. Øverste rekke fra v.: Rabenahy (Fianarantsoa), Thunem (Fianarantsoa), Rajosefa (Soatanana). M. rekke fra v.: Rajakoba (Fihasinana), Randriamampihantona (Ambato)[,] Andr. Pedersen (Baralahy), Rasamoela (Ihosy), Metusela (Farafangana), Elle (Farafangana). N. rekke fra v.: Rasalomona (Betafo), Josef Nilsen (Fandriana[)], Rajaon[a] (Antsirabe), Rajoela (Ambohimasina). (Se: "Kamp og Seier" 1912 s. 77)"

IMPA text: "IMP-NMS-A13-639. "Nosy-Be kvinde" ("Nosy-Be woman"). From the island of Nosy-Be, north west Madagascar." Album fra Johannes Einrem, mottat av NMS bildearkiv i 1978 fra en av hans sønner. Det er satt på datering 1900-1901, og en merknad om at de fleste bildene er tatt av Einrem selv.

Text on the reverse side: "Opbrudd!" Text on the registration card: "11128) Oppbrudd i Kina, ca. 1928.[...]. Fra v. Janna Vik, Anna Indrebø, Hanna Holthe, Olav Dalland, Johan Gotteberg. Til h.: Olav Aarflot. På verandaen bl.a. Sara Ree og Tormod Gilje." Kolnes' album, neg. nr. 343" Part of collection received from Racin Kolnes (1898-1958), who served in China 1925-1947.

"En rig mands hus Cjangsja". (A rich man's house Cjangsja"). The residence of a wealthy Chinese, at a waterfront in Changsha. One man is standing below a banana tree in the garden, three men are at the ground level of the building and four men are standing on a balcony. A banner with Chinese characters is hanging on one of the pillars. It has this text: 曠爽能容四面風 (旷爽能容四面风), kuang shuang neng rong si mian feng, "A spacious and bright (building/heart) holds winds from all directions". There is also an inscription on a tablet on the wall just below the roof. This text has not yet been identified. TEST

"Byport." ("City gate"). Gate with a two-storey building on top. The tablet has this text: 南重門 (南重门), nan zhong men, "South city gate (south main gate)". A brick building at the left and a building of straw at the right.